This project pertains to the story of one of the truly extraordinary but buried tragedies of the
Cold War: the “return” of over 93,000 people, most of them ethnic Koreans, from Japan to North
Korea from 1959 onward. Promoted to the world as a humanitarian endeavor and executed under the
auspices of the International Red Cross, the scheme was actually the result of political stratagem
involving the governments of Japan, North Korea, the former Soviet Union, and the U.S.
Though most left willingly, persuaded by propaganda that a better life awaited them in North
Korea, the historian Tessa Morris-Suzuki’s work on the recently declassified documents in the
International Committee for Red Cross in Geneva reveals how the Japan Red Cross exerted covert
pressures to hasten the departure of this unwelcome ethnic minority. North Korea only offered
poverty and hardship for most of the returnees, while thousands faced brutal persecution and
death. In short, the massive migration amounted to “exile to nowhere.” The repatriation signals
the significant ruptures in the continuation between nativity and citizenship in the era of modern
nation-states.
The work was exhibited at Beyond the Instance of Ending in conjunction with Martha Rosler Library
at Herter Gallery, UMass Amherst, and subsequently as part of The Multicultural in Our Time at
Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art in Ansan, South Korea, in 2010. In Ansan, where some 60,000 foreign
workers reside, Koreans and multiethnic populations must learn to live together. Given that many
of the migrant workers have been living under the fear of being deported for their “illegal”
status, I engaged the audience with the fate of the Korean migrant workers in Japan in the 1960s,
and the notions of home, belonging, nationalism, the bare life, and the possibility of
transnational citizenship in the age of the global Empire.